Rapidly-moving α-particles possess a great deal of energy, as they have a mass of about 4 amu. Doubly-charged helium ions are known as α-particles. The thickness of the gold foil was about 1000 atoms. The gold foil was selected so as to obtain an extremely thin layer. Rapidly-moving α-particles were directed to bombard a thin sheet of gold. To determine how electrons are arranged in an atom, the Alpha (α) Particle Scattering Experiment was organized by Rutherford. Question 2: Briefly explain Rutherford’s scattering experiment. It could not explain Rutherford’s scattering experiment. The nucleus of an atom is not mentioned in the hypothesis. It also fails to explain the stability of an atom. Thomson’s atomic model does not explain how the positive charge on the electrons inside the atom is maintained. The nucleus and electrons were held together by electrostatic forces of attraction. He referred to these circular routes as well-defined orbits. He believed that the electrons encircling the nucleus travel around it in circular routes at great speeds. According to Rutherford, negatively charged electrons encircle the nucleus of an atom.This nucleus is very small in size, as compared to the size of the atom as a whole. He referred to this portion of the atom as the nucleus. Positively charged particles and the majority of an atom’s mass were concentrated in an incredibly tiny volume.Rutherford hypothesized the atomic structure of elements based on the observations and conclusions stated above. Rutherford model of atom is also known as the Nuclear Model of Atom.įeatures of Rutherford’s Model of the Atom: Since a very tiny percentage of α-particles completely rebounded, this implied that the atom’s mass and positive charge are concentrated in a small volume and not uniformly distributed.Only a few α-particles were diverted off their route, suggesting that the atom’s positive charge takes up relatively little space.Because a large proportion of the α-particles directed towards the gold sheet went through it without any deflection, so, majority of the space in an atom is vacant.Rutherford concluded the following from his observations: Rutherford’s Alpha Particle Scattering Experiment (above) ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Examįigure 1.ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys.GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys.
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